Introduction
Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. It occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lungs, interfering with normal lung function. It is primarily associated with smoking, but non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to genetic and environmental factors.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Smoking – The leading cause of lung cancer, accounting for nearly 85% of cases.
- Secondhand Smoke – Passive smoking increases the risk significantly.
- Exposure to Carcinogens – Asbestos, radon gas, air pollution, and chemicals like arsenic and diesel exhaust contribute to lung cancer.
- Genetic Factors – Family history and genetic mutations can increase susceptibility.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer symptoms may not appear until the disease has advanced. Some common signs include:
- Persistent cough that worsens over time
- Coughing up blood
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
Types of Lung Cancer
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) – The most common type, making up 85% of cases.
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) – A more aggressive form that spreads quickly.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
- Imaging Tests – X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs help detect tumors.
- Biopsy – A tissue sample is analyzed to confirm cancer.
- Molecular Testing – Helps identify genetic mutations for targeted treatments.
Treatment Options
- Surgery – Removes tumors if detected early.
- Radiation Therapy – Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy – Drugs that kill cancer cells, often used in later stages.
- Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy – Advanced treatments that attack specific cancer cells or boost the immune system.
Prevention and Lifestyle Changes
- Quit Smoking – The most effective way to reduce risk.
- Avoid Exposure to Carcinogens – Test homes for radon gas and minimize air pollution exposure.
- Healthy Diet & Exercise – Strengthens the immune system and overall lung health.
- Regular Checkups – Early detection improves survival rates.
Conclusion
Lung cancer remains a serious health concern, but with early detection and treatment, survival chances improve significantly. Avoiding smoking, reducing environmental risks, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can greatly lower the risk of lung cancer.